Learning Area 5 [ Programming ]

5.1 BASIC PROGAMMING CONCEPT
5.1.1 DEFINE PROGRAM AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

PROGRAM

A computer program is a series of organised instructions to directs computers to perform tasks.

PROGRAMMING

Progamming is a creating of a set of commands or instrcitions which directs a computer in carrying out a task.

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

A programming language is a language used for writing computer codes to direct a computer to perfom tasks.

5.1.2 LEVELS AND GENERATIONS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

There are five generation of programming language :

First generation - machine language
Second generation - assembly language
Third generation - high-level language ; example COBOL,BASIC,C
Fourth generation - very high - level language ; example SQL,Intellect,NOMAD,FOCUS
Fifth generation - natural language example Prolog and Mercury

5.1.2.1 Identify the generation of low -level programming language with example

The first generation of programming language, or 1 GL

> Machine language is a set of instructions and data that a computer's central processing unit can execute directly.

Example ; machine language

The second generation programming language . or 2GL

> Assembly language is the human-readable notation for the machine language used to control specific computer operations .

Example ; assembly language

5.1.2.2 Identify the generation of high-level programming language with example

The third generation of programming language , 3 GL

> High-level programming languages make complex programming simpler and easier to read,write and maintain.Programs written in a high-level programming language must be translated into machine language by a compiler or intepreter.

Example ; PASCAL,FORTRAN,BASIC,COBOL,C,C++

The fourth generation programming language or 4GL

> A very high-level programming language is often referred to as goal-oriented programming language because it iss usually limited to a very specific application and it might use syntax that is never used in other programming languages.

Example ; SQL,NOMAD,Intellect and FOCUS

The fifth generation programming language or 5GL

> Visual progamming language is also known as natural language.Fifth generation programming languages allows people to interact with computers wihout needing any specialised knowledge.

Example ; Prolog,LISP and Mercury

5.1.3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE APPROACHES

5.1.3.1 Define structured approach in programming.

Structured Approach is a computer programming technique in which the program is divided into modules like function ,subroutine and procedure.

Examples of structured programming languages include Ada,Pascal and Fotran.

4.1.3.2 Define object-oriented approach in programming.

The object-oriented approach refers to a special type of programming approach that combines data with functions to create objects.

Examples of OOP languages are Smalltalk,Java,Visual Basic and C++.

5.1.3.3 Diffretiate between structured approach and object-oriented approach in programming.